Introduction:In the Oriental region, head injuries are among the major public health problems.The purposes of this work, on its retrospective form are to determine the epidemiological characteristics of head trauma cases hospitalized in the regional hospital ALFARABI.The patients included in this study are all CT cases admitted for a period of 27 months, from January 2012 to March 2014, aged over 15 years old,hospitalized in the neurosurgery department or in the ICU.
Results:Our work has allowed us to identify several concepts: The predominance of young population, especially the group age between16- 45 years old with a mean of 39.99 +/- 18.422. The male gender represents 89.5%.The majority of patients are active (84.9%) without antecedents (80.3%) and without health insurance (62%). The patients inhabiting Oujda city represents 51.5%. Public road accidents (48.9%) are the most common cause. 5 patients have benefited from a medical transport from the accident scene to the hospital. The frequency is high during the weekends and in the months of April, May, November and December. The average hospital stay was 6.07 days.The Benin head trauma was found in 253 cases or 55%, 138 patients or 30% have a medium severity trauma, and severe trauma concerning 67 patients or 15%.Paraclinical diagnosis is mainly based on CT SCAN. Associated lesions are dominated by maxillofacial injuries (21.18%). The predominance of isolated Cranioencephalic trauma is 63.32% against the polytrauma with a frequency of 36.68%. Cerebral edema (66.6%) and cerebral contusions (45.23%) dominate the cranio-cerebral lesions. Therapeutic attitude based on fluid resuscitation, respiratory support and surgical treatment in 27.72%. The outcome was favorable in 77,10%. The overall mortality was 21.72%.
Conclusion:In the end, we emphasis the importance of prevention of head injuries by preventing the public road accidents: respect the road rules, regular monitoring of the mechanical condition of vehicles and improved road infrastructure