Kidney transplantation is considered the most effective medical treatment and the least expensive of end-stage renal disease, hence making it the most efficient among the other alternatives.Minimizing post-operative complications (urological and vascular complications) of kidney transplantation rely on an accurate knowledge of the artery, the renal vein, the ureter and its vascularization, and their respective anatomical differences. The choice of the surgical technique and the site of implantation depends anatomical parameters such as the use a well-vascularized ureter, hence short, a renal pedicle tensionless therefore with a long or elongated renal vein. The preferred site of transplantation is the right or left iliac fossa. The main objective behind this work is to create a urological surgeon pedagogical tool. At first, and from a dissection work done on cadavers in the anatomy laboratory and experimental surgery and microsurgery of the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, we have studied the anatomy of the kidney, its vascular pedicle, the ureter, and the different vascular structures needed for kidney transplantation. Later,and after reviewing the literature,and hassan II University hosoital urology service’s experience, we have detailed the most used surgical techniques in kidney’s transplantations (open surgery or laparoscopic), and the minimally invasive surgery techniques which are being evaluated, mentioning the precautions to be taken during each technique to avoid complications