Sinus barotrauma (BTS) is a pathologic manifestation resulting from pressure difference between the gases contained in the annexes nasal cavities, as rule the maxillary sinuses and sinuses and the environment ,so this is essentially a consequently underwater and air activities . This thesis proposes end to study the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic BTS and clarify the main causes and mechanisms of this condition. Thanks to a retrospective descriptive study of 20 cases of BTS collected at the ENT department of the Military Hospital Molay Ismail in Meknes between January 1997 and January 2013. The mean age of patients in this series was 27 years with a net male is largely due to physical and binding nature of activities that expose this kind of trauma. All patients working in the field of aviation and the occurrence of BTS were in 100% of cases during the descent with the waning of a flight. All patients received medical treatment and only three of our patients underwent surgery after medical treatment failed. We proceeded to compare our results with those of literature and confirm that BTS are rarely concern accidents but require prevention through careful selection of personnel aviation and diving