Acute pancreatitis is a medical-surgical emergency, with unpredictable evolution. It requires a multidisciplinary management in a specialized structure. The overall mortality rate is around 5%.The purpose of our work is to analyze the epidemiological, diagnostic and treatment of AP in the Alfarabi Regional Hospital Oujda and define the predictors of mortality .
PATIENTS AND METHODS : A retrospective study of 170 cases of AP compiled in ICU and digestive surgery of the AlFarabi Regional Hospital Oujda, for a period of 3 years from January 2011 to December 2013.
Results: One hundred and Seventy patients were included , the average age was 54.74 years with a female predominance ( sex ratio equal to 0.45 ) .The biliary origin was predominant (64.7%). We included 103 cases of non necrotizing AP and 67 cases of necrotizing AP with a mortality of 1,9% and 22% respectively. Fourteen patients were operated (14 biliary duct surgery ). The predictors of mortality in multivariate analysis were: previous history of heart disease , WBC > 16,000 / mm3 , increased Blood urea > 1.8 mmol / l at the 48th hour, grades D and E of Balthazar. In univariate analysis , statistically significant predictors were: Co -morbidities : high blood pressure , diabetes and heart disease , alcoholism, increased Blood urea > 1.8 mmol / l at the 48th hour, WBC > 16000 elments / mm3, blood glucose > 2g / l, Serum Calcium <80 mg / l, grades D and E Balthazar , the presence of pleural effusion and ascites . Conclusion : Acute pancreatitis is a serious disease, common in our Morocco and requires a multidisciplinary management. Heart disease, WBC > 16,000 / mm3, increased Blood urea > 1.8 mmol / l at the 48th hour and stages D and E Balthazar are independent prognostic factors for predicting mortality