In addition to its social and economic consequences, the death of a woman giving birth to a new life remains a daunting and distressing phenomenon. In Morocco maternal mortality remains a public health problem, in 2010 the maternal mortality rate has improved by 66% compared to 1990 was 112 compared to 332 deaths per 100,000 live births, thanks to the action plan 1992-2015 launched by the Ministry of health to improve maternal and child health. Currently a new challenge starts with a new plan from 2012 to 2016. Our study is a retrospective that was on 60 maternal deaths in the service of the mother-child resuscitation CHU Hassan II of Fez, for a period of 5 years, ranging from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2013. The objective of this study was to determine the rate of maternal mortality in the service, identify the main causes of death and major risk factors and try to propose appropriate solutions to improve maternal prognosis. According to this study: The maternal mortality rate fell from 132 per 100,000 in 2009 to 110 in 2012. The dominant risk factors were below 35 years age, primiparity and pauciparité, low socioeconomic status, rural origin, not antenatal, obstetric evacuation and the lack of health infrastructure that it is in material or human. 20% of deaths occurred during pregnancy and 80% during labor or postpartum. 30% of patients died during the first 24 hours of hospitalization. 80% of deaths were due to direct obstetric causes, the most frequent were hemorrhage (35%), hypertension in pregnancy (20%), and infection (15%).The results of the study confirm the need to develop a strategy to combat the risks of pregnancy and childbirth in rural areas of the region FezBoulmane. This strategy must be based not only on prevention and education, including family planning and prenatal care, but also on the systematic presence, with women who give birth at home, midwives and traditional birth attendants who received adequate training and can rely on an effective referral system use. Morocco sets a target of 50 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. To achieve this goal, the Ministry of Health launched a program action plan 2012-2016, which aims to improve maternal and child health