Introduction The toxicity of vitamin D is rare but a severe cause of hypercalcemia in neonates and old-infants. The main indicative symptoms are vomiting, dehydration with preserved diuresis, and malnutrition.Through nine observations of severe hypercalcemia due to taking an ampoule of 600 000 units of vitamin D (Sterogyl) taken at the health center, a critical analysis of the national program fighting against rickets will be addressed. Observations We report nine observations of babies respectively admitted in our department at the age of 25, 27, 33, 33, 34, 37, 45, 50, and 105 days for treatment of severe dehydration. Pregnancies were normal, carried to term with good adaptation to extra uterine life. Weights at birth were 2220 to 4000 grams. Clinical signs were dominated by weight loss, hypotonia, vomiting and fever. The examination on admission evidenced dehydration between 8 and 15% with increased diuresis and a weight loss between 100 and 800 grams. Biological tests showed hypercalcemia between 110 and 235 mg/l, hypercalciuria >5mg/kg/day and a low serum parathyroid hormone. The determination of vitamin D in the nine patients objectified toxic values (137, 140, 144, 160, 160, 180, > 160, >160 and 300 micrg / l) (normal value of 30 to 80 microg/ l; toxicity if >100 micrg/l). The abdomino-renal ultrasound revealed nephrocalcinosis in seven patients. The assumption of responsibility consisted of intravenous rehydration with a hypercalcemia treatment (loop diuretics and corticoids). The evolution has been marked by the standardization of the hydration state and hypercalcemia in a few days and a progressive catching up of weight. No deaths were noted.The long-term evolution objectified a persistence of nephrocalcinosis after a decline up to 18 months maximum. Conclusion The alarming clinical features and severity of the intoxication due to the initial excessive intake of vitamin D (600,000 IU) in the national program to fight against rickets, doses that are abandoned for a long time in many countries, requires lowering the dosage and adapt presentations. A loading dose of 200 000 units or daily doses as drops would be a reasonable preventive alternative which is sufficient.